If you are using different batteries, or need to use more than
two batteries, we recommend that you set up two separate battery
banks and use them alternately. Battery selector switches are available
from marine and RV dealers which allow you to
select between two banks of batteries, or use both in parallel,
or disconnect both from the load. (See Figure 8.)
Figure 8. Recommended Battery Configuration for heavy-duty Applications
Battery Tips
With the exception of sealed, gel
cell batteries, lead-acid batteries emit hydrogen and oxygen gases,
and sulfuric acid fumes when recharging. Vent the battery compartment
to prevent accumulation of these gases, and do not install electronic
or electrical equipment in the battery compartment. Do not smoke
or carry an open flame when working around batteries.
2. The capacity of lead-acid batteries
is temperature sensitive. Battery capacity is rated at 25 °C
(77° F). At - 20°C (0°F) the ampere-hour capacity will
be about half the rated capacity.
3. Do not leave batteries in a discharged state for more
than a day or two. They will undergo a chemical process called sulfation
which can permanently damage the batteries. Also, batteries will
self-discharge over a period of 3 to 6 months, so they should be
periodically recharged even if they are not being used.
4. If your batteries are not the "maintenance-free"
type, check the electrolyte fluid level at least once a month. Use
only distilled water to replenish the electrolyte fluid. Excessive
fluid loss is a sign of overcharging.
5. Connections to battery posts must be made with permanent
connectors that provide a reliable, low resistance connection. Do
not use "alligator" clips. Clean the connections regularly
and prevent corrosion by using an insulating spray coating or Vaseline.
6. Battery state of charge can be measured with a hydrometer
or, more easily, with a voltmeter. Use a digital voltmeter that
can display tenths or hundredths of a volt when measuring 10 to
30 volts. Make your measurements after the (12 volt) battery has
not been charged or discharged for several hours. For a deep - cycle
battery at 25°C (77°F), the following table maybe used:
Battery Voltage
|
State - of - Charge
|
12.7 - 12.9
|
100%
|
12.5 - 12.6
|
80%
|
12.3 - 12.4
|
60%
|
12.1 - 12.2
|
40%
|
11.9 - 12.0
|
20%
|
Table 4. Battery Charge State.
|